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HSP45106
Data Sheet October 1999 File Number 2809.5
16-Bit Numerically Controlled Oscillator
The Intersil HSP45106 is a high performance 16-bit quadrature Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO16). The NCO16 simplifies applications requiring frequency and phase agility such as frequency-hopped modems, PSK modems, spread spectrum communications, and precision signal generators. As shown in the block diagram, the HSP45106 is divided into a Phase/Frequency Control Section (PFCS) and a Sine/Cosine Section. The inputs to the Phase/Frequency Control Section consist of a microprocessor interface and individual control lines. The frequency resolution is 32 bits, which provides for resolution of better than 0.008Hz at 33MHz. User programmable center frequency and offset frequency registers give the user the capability to perform phase coherent switching between two sinusoids of different frequencies. Further, a programmable phase control register allows for phase control of better than 0.006o. In applications requiring up to 8-level PSK, three discrete inputs are provided to simplify implementation. The output of the PFCS is a 28-bit phase which is input to the Sine/Cosine Section for conversion into sinusoidal amplitude. The outputs of the Sine/Cosine Section are two 16-bit quadrature signals. The spurious free dynamic range of this complex vector is greater than 90dBc. For added flexibility when using the NCO16 in conjunction with DAC's, a choice of either parallel or serial outputs with either two's complement or offset binary encoding is provided. In addition, a synchronization signal is available which indicates serial word boundaries.
Features
* 25.6MHz, 33MHz Versions * 32-Bit Center and Offset Frequency Control * 16-Bit Phase Control * 8 Level PSK Supported Through Three Pin Interface * Simultaneous 16-Bit Sine and Cosine Outputs * Output in Two's Complement or Offset Binary * <0.008Hz Tuning Resolution at 33MHz * Serial or Parallel Outputs * Spurious Frequency Components <-90dBc * 16-Bit Microprocessor Compatible Control Interface
Applications
* Direct Digital Synthesis * Quadrature Signal Generation * Spread Spectrum Communications * PSK Modems * Modulation - FM, FSK, PSK (BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK) * Frequency Hopping Communications * Precision Signal Generation * Related Products - Use with Data Acquisition Parts HI5731 or HI5741
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER HSP45106JC-25 HSP45106JI-25 HSP45106JC-33 HSP45106GC-33 TEMP. RANGE (oC) 0 to 70 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 PACKAGE 84 Ld PLCC 84 Ld PLCC 84 Ld PLCC 85 Ld CPGA PKG. NO. N84.1.15 N84.1.15 N84.1.15 G85.A
Block Diagram
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE CLOCK DISCRETE CONTROL SIGNALS SIN/COS ARGUMENT 32
PHASE/ FREQUENCY CONTROL SECTION
SINE/ COSINE SECTION
SINE
16
COSINE 16
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 407-727-9207 | Copyright (c) Intersil Corporation 1999
HSP45106 Pinouts
85 PIN CPGA TOP VIEW
11 L GND 10 SIN0 9 SIN1 8 SIN3 7 SIN5 6 SIN4 5 SIN9 4 SIN12 3 SIN13 2 SIN14 1 DAC STRB COS0 L
K
BINFMT
VCC PAR/ SER PACI INITT ENPO REG GND TEST
CLK
SIN2
VCC SIN6
SIN8
SIN10
GND
SIN15
OES
K
J
INITPAC EN PHAC ENTI REG ENCF REG CS VCC MOD2
SIN7
SIN11
OEC
COS1
J
H G
COS2
COS3
H
INHOF ENOF REG WR
COS6
COS4
COS5
G
F E D
COS7
COS8
VCC
F E
COS11 COS10 COS9
GND
COS12 D
C
MOD0
C10
C9
C6
INDEX COS15 COS13 C PIN C4 C1 TICO COS14 B
B
MOD1
A2
A1
C15
C12
C13
VCC C0 5
A
PMSEL 11
A0 10
GND 9
C0 8
C0 7
C0 6
C0 4
C0 3
C2 2
C0 1
A PIN `A1' ID
85 PIN CPGA BOTTOM VIEW
1 L DAC STRB COS0 2 SIN14 3 4 5 SIN9 6 SIN4 7 SIN5 8 9 10 SIN0 11 GND L
SIN13 SIN12
SIN3 SIN1
K
OES
SIN15
GND
SIN10
SIN8
VCC SIN6
SIN2 CLK
VCC PAR/ SER PACI
BINFMT K
J
COS1
OEC
SIN11
SIN7
INITPAC J EN PHAC ENTI REG ENCF REG CS VCC MOD2
H
COS3
COS2
H G
G
COS5
COS4
COS6
INHOF ENOF REG WR
INITT ENPO REG GND TEST
F E
VCC
COS8
COS7
F E D
COS9 COS10 COS11
D COS12
GND INDEX PIN C1 C4
C COS13 COS15
C6
C9
C10
MOD0
C
B COS14
TICO
VCC C0 5
C13
C12
C15
A1
A2
MOD1
B
A PIN `A1' ID
C0 1
C2 2
C0 3
C0 4
C0 6
C0 7
C0 8
GND 9
A0 10
PMSEL 11
A
2
HSP45106 Pinouts
(Continued) 84 LEAD PLCC TOP VIEW
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 VCC C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 GND A0 A1 A2
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54
TICO COS15 COS14 COS13 GND COS12 COS11 COS10 COS9 COS8 COS7 COS6 COS5 COS4 VCC COS3 COS2 COS1 COS0 OEC DACSTRB
PMSEL MOD0 MOD1 MOD2 TEST VCC WR GND CS ENCFREG ENOFREG INHOFR ENTIREG INITTAC ENPOREG INPHAC PACI INITPAC BINFMT PAR/SER VCC
Pin Descriptions
NAME VCC GND C(15:0) A(2:0) CS WR CLK ENPOREG I I I I I I TYPE +5 power supply pin. Ground. Control input bus for loading phase, frequency, and timer data into the PFCS. C0 is LSB. Address pins for selecting destination of C(15:0) data (Table 2). A0 is the LSB Chip select (active low). Enables data to be written into Control Registers by WR. Write enable (active low). Data is clocked into the register selected by A(2:0) on the rising edge of WR when CS is low. Clock. All registers, except the Control Registers clocked with WR, are clocked (when enabled) by the rising edge of CLK. Phase Offset Register Enable (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, ENPOREG enables the clocking of data into the Phase Offset Register. Allows ROM address to be updated regardless of ENPHAC. Offset Frequency Register Enable (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, ENOFREG enables the clocking of data into the Offset Frequency Register. Center Frequency Register Enable (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, ENCFREG enables the clocking of data into the Center Frequency Register. Phase Accumulator Register Enable (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, ENPHAC enables the clocking of data into the Phase Accumulator Register. Timer Increment Register Enable (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, ENTIREG enables the clocking of data into the Timer Increment Register. Inhibit Offset Frequency Register Output (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, INHOFR zeroes the data path from the Offset Frequency Register to the Frequency Adder. New data can be still clocked into the Offset Frequency Register. INHOFR does not affect the contents of the register. Initialize Phase Accumulator (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. Zeroes the feedback path in the Phase Accumulator. Does not clear the Phase Accumulator Register. Modulation Control Inputs. When selected with the PMSEL line, these bits add an offset of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, or 315 degrees to the current phase (i.e., modulate the output). The lower 13 bits of the phase control are set to zero. These bits are registered when the Phase Offset Register is enabled. DESCRIPTION
ENOFREG ENCFREG ENPHAC ENTIREG INHOFR
I I I I I
INITPAC MOD(2:0)
I I
3
OES SIN15 SIN14 SIN13 GND SIN12 SIN11 SIN10 SIN9 SIN8 SIN7 SIN6 SIN5 VCC SIN4 SIN3 SIN2 SIN1 SIN0 CLK GND
HSP45106 Pin Descriptions
NAME PMSEL TYPE I (Continued) DESCRIPTION Phase Modulation Select input. Registered on chip by CLK. This input determines the source of the data clocked into the Phase Offset Register. When high, the Phase Input Register is selected. When low, the external modulation pins (MOD(2:1)) control the three most significant bits of the Phase Offset Register and the 13 least significant bits are set to zero. Phase Accumulator Carry Input (active low). Registered on chip by CLK. Initialize Timer Accumulator (active low). This input is registered on chip by CLK. When active, after being clocked onto chip, INITTAC enables the clocking of data into the Timer increment Register, and also zeroes the feedback path in the Timer Accumulator. Test Select Input. Registered on chip by CLK. This input is active high. When active, this input enables test busses to the outputs instead of the sine and cosine data. Parallel/Serial Output Select. This input is registered on chip by CLK. When low, the sine and cosine outputs are in serial mode. The Output Shift Registers will load in new data after ENPHAC goes low and will start shifting the data out after ENPHAC goes high. When this input is high, the Output Registers are loaded every clock and no shifting takes place. Format. This input is registered on chip by CLK. When low, the MSB of the SIN and COS are inverted to form an offset binary (unsigned) number. Three-state control for bits SIN(15:0). Outputs are enabled when OES is low. Three-state control for bits COS(15:0). Outputs are enabled when OEC is low. Timer Accumulator Carry Output. Active low, registered. This output goes low when a carry is generated by the Timer Accumulator. DAC Strobe (active low). In serial mode, this output will go low when the first bit of a new output word is valid at the shift register output. This pin is active only in serial mode. Sine Output Data. When parallel mode is enabled, data is output on SIN(15:0). When serial mode is enabled, output data bits are shifted out of SIN15 and SIN0. The bit stream on SIN15 is provided MSB first while the bit stream on SIN0 is provided LSB first. Cosine Output Data. When parallel mode is enabled, data is output on COS(15:0). When serial mode is enabled, output data bits are shifted out of COS15 and COS0. The bit stream on COS15 is provided MSB first while the bit stream in COS0 is provided LSB first. Used to align chip in socket or on circuit board. Must be left as a no connect in circuit. (CPGA Package only).
PACI INITTAC
I I
TEST PAR/SER
I I
BINFMT OES OEC TICO DACSTRB SIN(15:0)
I I I O O O
COS(15:0)
O
Index Pin
Functional Description
The 16-bit Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO16) produces a digital complex sinusoid waveform whose frequency and phase are controlled through a standard microprocessor interface and discrete inputs. The NCO16 generates 16-bit sine and cosine vectors at a maximum sample rate of 33MHz. The NCO16 can be preprogrammed to produce a constant (CW) sine and cosine output for Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) applications. Alternatively, the phase and frequency inputs can be updated in real time to produce a FM, PSK, FSK, or MSK modulated waveform. To simplify PSK generation, a 3 pin interface is provided to support modulation of up to 8 levels. As shown in Figure 1, the HSP45106 Block Diagram, the NCO16 is comprised of a Phase and Frequency Control Section (PFCS) and Sine/ Cosine Section. The PFCS stores the phase and frequency control inputs and uses them to calculate the phase angle of a rotating complex vector. The Sine/Cosine Section performs a lookup on this phase and generates the appropriate amplitude values for the sine and cosine. These quadrature outputs may be configured as serial or parallel with either two's complement or offset binary format.
Phase/Frequency Control Section
The phase and frequency of the quadrature outputs are controlled by the PFCS (Figure 1). The PFCS generates a 32-bit word which represents the instantaneous phase (Sin/Cos argument) of the sine and cosine waves being generated. This phase is incremented on the rising edge of each CLK by the preprogrammed amounts in the phase and Frequency Control Registers. As the instantaneous phase steps from 0 through full scale (232 - 1), the phase of the quadrature outputs proceeds from 0o around the unit circle counter clockwise. The PFCS is comprised of a Phase Accumulator Section, Phase Offset adder, Input Section, and a Timer Accumulator Section. The Phase Accumulator computes the instantaneous phase angle from user programmed values in the Center and Offset Frequency Registers. This angle is then fed into the Phase Offset adder where it is offset by the preprogrammed value in the Phase Offset Register. The Input Section routes data from a microprocessor compatible control bus and discrete input signals into the appropriate configuration registers. The Timer Accumulator supplies a pulse to mark the passage of a user programmed period of time.
4
OES
OEC / 20 / ADDRESS DECODE / 16 SIN FORMAT CONTROL 28 / SIN/COS ROM / / OUTPUT CONTROL 16 COS 16 16 SIN(15:0) COS(15:0) DACSTRB SIN/COS ARGUMENT 16 PHASE INPUT PHASE INPUT REG (16) 16 13 '0' 16 R.PMSEL CENTER FREQUENCY 16 CLK > R.ENCFREG R E G 32 CENTER FREQUENCY 32 REGISTER 0 MUX ENCODER R E G MSB CENTER FREQUENCY INPUT REG (16) 16 R E G LSB CENTER FREQUENCY INPUT REG (16) FREQUENCY ADDER 32 32 R E G CLK 32 1 1 32 MUX 32 0 '0' MUX 32 0 A D D E R > 32 3 1
R.ENPHAC
TEST
3
PAR/SER
BINFMT
INPUT SECTION (DISCRETE CONTROL INPUT SIGNALS AND PROCESSOR CONTROL INTERFACE)
C(15:0) WR PHEN > R E G
1
0
INHOFR
R.INHOFR
MUX
5
WR > WR > LSCFEN R E G MSB OFFSET FREQUENCY INPUT REG (16) 16 R E G LSB OFFSET FREQUENCY INPUT REG (16) 16 WR > A D D E R WR > LSOFEN R E G MSB TIMER INCREMENT INPUT REG (16) 16 LSB TIMER INCREMENT INPUT REG (16) OFFSET FREQUENCY REGISTER OFFSET 32 R FREQUENCY 32 E 32 G CLK > '0' R.ENOFREG R.INHOFR > MSTIEN WR LSTIEN > R E G WR R.INITPAC R.PACI TIMER INCREMENT 32 R E G > TIMER INCREMENT CLK REGISTER R.ENTIREG R.INITTAC 32 32 32 '0' 32 A D D E R R.INITTAC
MOD(2:1)
28 R E G >
WR
PHEN
CS
MSCFEN
PHASE OFFSET PHASE OFFSET ADDER REGISTER 16 16 A R 16 D E D 16 G E LSBs 16 CLK > R MSBs CLK R.ENPOREG
A(2:0)
D E C O D E
LSCFEN MSOFEN
LSOFEN MSTIEN
LSTIEN
HSP45106
PHASE ACCUMULATOR REGISTER PHASE ACCUMULATOR SECTION R.ENPHAC 32 32 R E G CLK >
PMSEL
R.PMSEL
ENCFREG
R.ENCFREG
ENPOREG
R.ENPOREG
ENOFREG
R.ENOFREG
INITPAC
PACI
R E G
R.INITPAC
CLK TIMER ACCUMULATOR SECTION
>
R E G
TICO
R.PACI
ENPHAC
R.ENPHAC
ENTIREG
R.ENTIREG
INITTAC
R.INITTAC
CLK
>
CLK
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE HSP45106
HSP45106
Input Section
The Input Section loads the data on C(15:0) into one of the seven input registers, the LSB and MSB Center Frequency Input Registers, the LSB and MSB Offset Frequency Registers, the LSB and MSB Timer Input Registers, and the Phase Input Register. The destination depends on the state of A(2:0) when CS and WR are low (Table 1).
TABLE 1. ADDRESS DECODE MAPPING MOD(2:0) DECODING A2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 X A1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X A0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 X CS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 WR X FUNCTION Load least significant bits of Center Frequency input. Load most significant bits of Center Frequency input. Load least significant bits of Offset Frequency input. Load most significant bits of Offset Frequency input. Load least significant bits of Timing Interval input. Load most significant bits of Timing Interval input. Load Phase Register Reserved Input Disabled
The number of steps required for this transition depends on the phase increment calculated by the frequency adder. For example, if the Center and Offset Frequency Registers are programmed such that the output of the Frequency Adder is 4000 0000 hex, the Phase Accumulator will step the phase from 0 to 360 degrees every 4 clock cycles. Thus, for a 30MHz CLK, the quadrature outputs will have a frequency of 30/4MHz or 7.5MHz. In general, the frequency of the quadrature output is determined by:
F LO = ( N x f CLK 2
32
), or
(EQ. 1)
f OUT 32 N = INT ------------ 2 , f CLK
(EQ. 2)
where N is the 32 bits of frequency control word that is programmed. INT[*] is the integer of the computation. For example, if the control word is 20000000 hexadecimal and the clock frequency is 30MHz, then the output frequency would be fCLK/8, or 3.75MHz. The Frequency Adder sums the contents of both the Center and Offset Frequency Registers to produce a phase increment. By enabling INHOFR, the output of the Offset Frequency Register is disabled so that the output frequency is determined from the Center Frequency Register alone. For BFSK modems, INHOFR can be asserted/ de-asserted to toggle the quadrature outputs between two programmed frequencies. NOTE: Enabling/disabling INHOFR preserves the contents of the Offset Frequency Register. The Block Diagram shown in Figure 2 illustrates the method of reading the phase accumulator of the NCO16 from a microprocessor. The setup shown is very similar to that used when the part is used for generating a complex sinusoid, except that the internal SIN/COS lookup is bypassed by setting the TEST pin to a logic 1(high). While the TEST pin is high, the phase accumulator continues to drive the inputs of the SIN/COS Generator while the most significant 28 bits of the phase accumulator are multiplexed out onto the output pins. Because of this, the part can be operated in two modes, one where the SIN/COS Generator is permanently bypassed, and one where the phase accumulator output is brought out to the outputs as a check. Figure 2 illustrates a circuit for reading out the phase accumulator all the time. In this case, a microprocessor loads the frequency and phase registers of the NCO16. This is fairly straightforward, except for the Start Logic Block, which needs to be synchronous to the oscillator clock and the microprocessor interface. This has been left as an undefined function, since it is dependent on the implementation. Also note that all COS outputs (COS(15:0)) are connected, although only COS(15:4) are valid in this application. The microprocessor reads the sine and cosine data busses as if they were RAMs, using the decoded address bus to select one or the other.
Once the Input Registers have been loaded, the control inputs ENCFREG, ENOFREG, ENTIREG, ENCTIREG, and ENPOREG will allow the Input Registers to be downloaded to the PFCS Control Registers with the input CLK. The control inputs are latched on the rising edge of CLK and the Control Registers are updated on the rising edge of the following CLK. For example, to load the Center Frequency Register, the data is loaded into the LSB and MSB Center Frequency Input Register, and ENCFREG is set to zero; the next rising edge of CLK will pass the registered version of ENCFREG, R.ENCFREG, to the clock enable of the Center Frequency Register; this register then gets loaded on the following rising edge of CLK. The contents of the Input Registers are downloaded to the Control Registers every clock, if the control inputs are enabled.
Phase Accumulator Section
The Phase Accumulator adds the 32-bit output of the Frequency Adder with the contents of a 32-bit Phase Accumulator Register on every clock cycle. When the sum causes the adder to overflow, the accumulation continues with the least significant 32 bits of the result. Initializing the Phase Accumulator Register is done by putting a low on the INITPAC and ENPHAC lines. This zeroes the feedback path to the accumulator, so that the register is loaded with the current value of the Frequency Adder on the next clock. The frequency of the quadrature outputs is based on the number of clock cycles required to step from 0 to full scale. 6
HSP45106
The timing for loading the Center Frequency Register (MSB and LSB) and data being output on COS(15:0) and SIN(15:0) is shown in Figure 3. This timing is independent of whether the output data represents the phase accumulator data or the SIN/COS Generator output. When it is desired for the output of the NCO16 to be switched back and forth between sine/cosine and the phase accumulator, a circuit such as the one shown in Figure 4 could be used. In this case, the sinusoidal output cannot be interrupted, so the phase accumulator must be read out between samples. This is possible due to the fact that the TEST signal is simply the control line for a multiplexer on the output of the SIN/COS Generator, but carries with it a limitation on the maximum possible clock rate. Since TEST is a synchronous input, the output of the NCO16 must be either driven by the SIN/COS Generator or the phase accumulator for an entire clock cycle. Therefore, the part must be driven at twice the desired speed at all times so there is a clock cycle available for TEST, when necessary. Note that the processor must be driven from the same clock that generates the NCO clock in order to maintain synchronous operation.
MICROPROCESSOR GND VCC DATA WE ADDRESS HSP45106 MICROPROCESSOR MOD0(2:0) (15:0) SIN0-15 PMSEL C(15:0) COS(15:0) WR A(2:0) CS ENPOREG ENCFREG OES OEC ENOFREG ENPHAC ENTIGEG INHOFR INITPAC PACI INITTAC TEST PAR/SER BINFMT CLK GND VCC DATA WE ADDRESS HSP45106 MOD0-2 PMSEL SIN0-15 C0-15 COS0-15 WR A0-2 CS ENPOREG ENCFREG OES OEC ENOFREG ENPHAC ENTIGEG INHOFR INITPAC PACI INITTAC TEST PAR/SER BINFMT CLK DAC WRITE WRITE MS INPUT LS INPUT REGISTER REGISTER
WR
CS
A0-2
C0-15 TRANSFER DATA TO CENTER OR OFFSET FREQUENCY REGISTER NEW FREQUENCY DATA
ENCFREG, ENOFREG
COS0-15, SIN0-15
CLK
FIGURE 3. NCO16 PIPELINE DELAY
DAC
>
REGISTER
DECODE
VCC GND VCC GND VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC
DECODE
START LOGIC
VCC GND VCC GND VCC VCC VCC VCC
START LOGIC
OSCILLATOR
/2
FIGURE 2. CIRCUIT FOR READING PHASE ACCUMULATOR OF NCO16
OSCILLATOR
FIGURE 4. CIRCUIT FOR READING PHASE ACCUMULATOR OF NCO16 WHILE GENERATING SINUSOID
7
HSP45106
Phase Offset Adder
The output of the Phase Accumulator goes to the Phase Offset Adder, which adds the 16-bit contents of the Phase Offset Register to the 16 MSBs of the phase. Twenty-eight (28) bits of the resulting 32-bit number forms the instantaneous phase which is fed to the Sine/Cosine Section. The user has the option of loading the Phase Offset Registers with the contents of the Phase Input Register or with the MOD(2:0) inputs depending on the state of PMSEL. When PMSEL is high, the contents of the Phase Input Register are loaded. If PMSEL is low, MOD(2:0) encode the upper 3 bits of the Phase Offset Register while the lower 13 bits are cleared. The MOD(2:0) inputs simplify PSK modulation by providing a 3 input interface to phase modulate the carrier as shown in Table 2. The control input ENPOREG acts as a clock enable and must be low to enable clocking of data into the Phase Offset Register.
TABLE 2. MODULATION CONTROL MAP MOD(2:0) DECODING MOD2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 MOD1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 MOD0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 PHASE SHIFT (DEGREES) 0 45 90 135 270 315 180 225
values are computed to reduce the amount of ROM needed. The magnitude of the error in the computed value of the complex vector is less than -90.2dB. The error in the sine or cosine alone is approximately 2dB better. The 20-bit phase word maps into 2p radians so that the angular resolution is (2p)/220. An address of zero corresponds to 0 radians and an address of hex FFFFF corresponds to 2-((2)/220) radians. The outputs of the Sine/Cosine Section are two's complement sine and cosine values. The ROM contents have been scaled by (216-1)/(216+1) for symmetry about zero. To simplify interfacing with D/A converters, the format of the Sine/cosine outputs may be changed to offset binary by enabling BINFMT. When BINFMT is enabled, the MSB of the Sine and Cosine outputs (SIN15 and COS15 when the outputs are in parallel mode) are inverted. Depending upon the state of BINFMT, the output is centered around midscale and ranges from 8001H to 7FFFH (two's complement mode) or 0001H to FFFFH (offset binary mode). Serial output mode is chosen by enabling PAR/SER. In this mode the user loads the Output Shift Registers with Sine/Cosine ROM output by enabling ENPHAC. After ENPHAC goes inactive the data is shifted out serially. For example, to clock out one 16-bit Sine/Cosine output, ENPHAC would be active for one cycle to load the output Shift Register, and would then go inactive for the following 15 cycles to clock the remaining bits out. Output bit streams are provided in formats with either MSB first or LSB first. The MSB first format is available on the SIN15 and COS15 output pins. The LSB first format is available on the SIN0 and COS0 output pins. In MSB first format, zero's follow the LSB if a new output word is not loaded into the Shift Register. In LSB first format, the sine extension bit follows the MSB if a new data word is not loaded. The output signal DACSTRB is provided to signal the first bit of a new output word is valid (Figure 6). NOTE: All unused pins of SIN(15:0) and COS(15:0) should be left floating. A test mode is supplied which enables the user to access the phase input to the Sine/Cosine ROM. If TEST and PAR/SER are both high, the 28 MSBs of the phase input to the Sine/Cosine Section are made available on SIN(15:0) and COS(15:4). The SIN(15:0) outputs represent the MSW of the address. The Timing Diagrams in Figure 7, 8 and 9 show the pipeline delays through the HSP45106 NCO16 from the time that data is applied to the inputs until the outputs are affected by the change. The delay is shown as a number of clock cycles, with no attempt made to accurately represent the setup and hold times or the clock to output delays.
Timer Accumulator Section
The Timer Accumulator consists of a register which is incremented on every clock. The amount by which it increments is loaded into the Timer Increment Input Registers and is latched into the Timer Increment Register on rising edges of CLK while ENTIREG is low. The output of the Timer Accumulator is the accumulator carry out, TICO. TICO can be used as a timer to enable the periodic sampling of the output of the NCO-16. The number programmed into this register equals:
f OUT 32 N = INT ------------ 2 , f CLK (EQ. 3)
where INT[x] is the integer portion of the result of the computation.
Sine/Cosine Section
The Sine/Cosine Section (Figure 5) converts the instantaneous phase from the PFCS Section into the appropriate amplitude values for the sine and cosine outputs. It takes the most significant 20 bits of the PFCS output and passes them through a Sine/Cosine look up to form the 16-bit quadrature outputs. The sine and cosine
8
HSP45106
20 ADDRESS DECODE SINE/COSINE ROM / / 16 COSINE 16 SINE 28 BINFMT R.ENPHAC, TEST, PAR/SER OES OEC / FORMAT CONTROL OUTPUT CONTROL / / 16 16 DACSTRB SIN (15:0) COS (15:0)
SIN/COS ARGUMENT
/
FIGURE 5. SINE/COSINE SECTION BLOCK DIAGRAM
CLK
0
1 tECS
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ENPHAC tDSO DACSTRB
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
BIT
0
1
2
3
FIGURE 6. SERIAL OUTPUT I/O TIMING DIAGRAM
CLK
CS WRITE MS INPUT REGISTER WR WRITE LS INPUT REGISTER
A(2:0) C(15:0) TRANSFER DATA TO CENTER OR OFFSET FREQUENCY REGISTER NEW FREQUENCY DATA COS(15:0), SIN(15:0)
ENCFREG ENOFREG
FIGURE 7. FREQUENCY TO OUTPUT DELAY
9
HSP45106
CLK WRITE PHASE INPUT REGISTER WR
A(2:0)
C(15:0) TRANSFER DATA TO PHASE REGISTER ENPOREG NEW PHASE DATA COS(15:0), SIN(15:0)
FIGURE 8. PHASE TO OUTPUT DELAY
CLK
MOD0-2
PMSEL TRANSFER DATA TO PHASE REGISTER ENPOREG NEW PHASE DATA COS(15:0), SIN(15:0)
FIGURE 9. PHASE MODULATION TO OUTPUT DELAY
10
HSP45106
Absolute Maximum Ratings
TA = 25oC
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1) JA (oC/W) JC (oC/W) PLCC Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 N/A CPGA Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7 Maximum Junction Temperature PLCC Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150oC CPGA Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175oC Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to 150oC Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300oC (PLCC - Lead Tips Only)
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V Input, Output or I/O Voltage Applied . . . . .GND -0.5V to VCC +0.5V ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class 1
Operating Conditions
Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.75V to +5.25V Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to 70oC
Die Characteristics
Backside Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE: 1. JA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
DC Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER Logical One Input Voltage Logical Zero Input Voltage High Level Clock Input Low Level Clock Input Output HIGH Voltage Output LOW Voltage Input Leakage Current I/O Leakage Current Standby Power Supply Current Operating Power Supply Current SYMBOL VIH VIL VIHC VILC VOH VOL II IO ICCSB ICCOP VCC = 5.25V VCC = 4.75V VCC = 5.25V VCC = 4.75V IOH = -400A, VCC = 4.75V IOL = +2.0mA, VCC = 4.75V VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.25V VOUT = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.25V VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.25V, Note 4 f = 25.6MHz, VIN = VCC or GND VCC = 5.25V, Notes 2 and 4 TEST CONDITIONS MIN 2.0 3.0 2.6 -10 -10 MAX 0.8 0.8 0.4 10 10 500 180 UNITS V V V V V V A A A mA
Capacitance
TA = 25oC, Note 3 PARAMETER SYMBOL CIN CO TEST CONDITIONS FREQ = 1MHz, VCC = Open. All measurements are referenced to device ground MIN MAX 10 10 UNITS pF pF
Input Capacitance Output Capacitance NOTES:
2. Power supply current is proportional to operating frequency. Typical rating for ICCOP is 7mA/MHz. 3. Not tested, but characterized at initial design and at major process/design changes. 4. Output load per test load circuit with switch open and CL = 40pF.
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HSP45106
AC Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER CLK Period CLK High CLK Low WR Period WR High WR Low Setup Time A(2:0), CS to WR Going High Hold Time A(2:0), CS from WR Going High Setup Time C(15:0) to WR Going High Hold Time C(15:0) from WR Going High Setup Time WR High to CLK High Setup Time MOD(2:0) to CLK Going High Hold Time MOD(2:0) from CLK Going High Setup Time ENPOREG, ENOFREG, ENCFREG, ENPHAC, ENTIREG, INHOFR, PMSEL, INITPAC, BINFMT, TEST, PAR/SER, PACI, INITTAC to CLK Going High Hold Time ENPOREG, ENOFREG, ENCFREG, ENPHAC, ENTIREG, INHOFR, PMSEL, INITPAC, BINFMT, TEST, PAR/SER, PACI, INITTAC from CLK Going High CLK to Output Delay SIN(15:0), COS(15:0), TICO CLK to Output Delay DACSTRB Output Enable Time Output Disable Time Output Rise, Fall Time NOTES: 5. AC testing is performed as follows: Input levels (CLK Input) 4.0V and 0V; input levels (all other inputs) 0V and 3.0V; timing reference levels (CLK) 2.0V; all others 1.5V. Output load per test load circuit with switch closed and CL = 40pF. Output transition is measured at VOH > 1.5V and VOL < 1.5V. 6. If ENOFREG, ENCFREG, ENTIREG, or ENPOREG are active, care must be taken to not violate setup and hold times to these registers when writing data into the chip via the C(15:0) port. 7. Controlled via design or process parameters and not directly tested. Characterized upon initial design and after major process and/or changes. VCC = 5.0V 5%, TA = 0oC to 70oC (Note 5) 25.6MHz SYMBOL tCP tCH tCL tWP tWH tWL tAWS tAWH tCWS tCWH tWC tMCS tMCH tECS Note 6 NOTES MIN 39 15 15 39 15 15 13 1 15 0 16 15 0 12 MAX 33MHz MIN 30 12 12 30 12 12 13 1 15 0 12 15 0 12 MAX UNITS ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns, ns ns ns
tECH
0
-
0
-
ns
tDO tDSO tOE tOD tRF Note 7 Note 7
2 -
18 18 12 15 8
2 -
15 15 12 15 8
ns ns ns ns ns
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HSP45106 AC Test Load Circuit
DUT
S1
CL (NOTE)
SWITCH S1 OPEN FOR ICCSB AND ICCOP
IOH
1.5V
IOL
NOTE: Test head capacitance.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Waveforms
tCP tCH CLK tMCS MOD(2:1) tMCH tCL
tECS ENABLE/CONTROL SIGNALS
tECH
tDO SIN(15:0), COS(15:0), TICO tDSO DACSTRB (SERIAL MODE ONLY) tWC
FIGURE 10. SYNCHRONOUS TIMING
tWC tWP tWL WR tAWS tAWH A(2:0), CS tCWS tCWH C(15:0) tWH
FIGURE 11. ASYNCHRONOUS TIMING
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HSP45106 Waveforms
(Continued)
1.5V OES, OEC tOE COS(15:0), SIN(15:0)
1.5V tOD
HIGH IMPEDANCE
1.7V 1.3V
HIGH IMPEDANCE
FIGURE 12. OUTPUT ENABLE, DISABLE TIMING
2.0V 0.8V tRF
2.0V 0.8V tRF
FIGURE 13. OUTPUT RISE AND FALL TIMES
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil semiconductor products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site www.intersil.com
Sales Office Headquarters
NORTH AMERICA Intersil Corporation P. O. Box 883, Mail Stop 53-204 Melbourne, FL 32902 TEL: (407) 724-7000 FAX: (407) 724-7240 EUROPE Intersil SA Mercure Center 100, Rue de la Fusee 1130 Brussels, Belgium TEL: (32) 2.724.2111 FAX: (32) 2.724.22.05 ASIA Intersil (Taiwan) Ltd. 7F-6, No. 101 Fu Hsing North Road Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China TEL: (886) 2 2716 9310 FAX: (886) 2 2715 3029
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